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Cardiac anatomy
What about the anatomy of the heart of acanthomorphs ?
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The heart of acanthomorph fishes is a three-chambered one: atrium, ventricle and bulbous arteriosus. No valve prevents blood from flowing freely from the atrium to the ventricle and then to the bulbous arteriosus.
Pathways of blood flow in an acanthomorph (Images: B. Chanet).
Heart anatomy shows little variation within acanthomorphs :
All these animals present the same cardiac organisation ... but the size of the heart can be very variable : antarctic acanthomorph species belonging to the Channichthyidae possess a huge heart.